Raytheon Corporations New International Market in South Africa Research Paper - 4

Raytheon Corporations New International Market in South Africa - Research Paper Example With regards to conceiving the most viable security arrangements, Raytheon Corporation utilizes all its capability available to its. Raytheon Corporation misuses all its progressed mechanical skill and banding together with its accomplished partners and customers in the security field. As an integrator, Raytheon Corporation utilizes programming arrangements and hardware that are most appropriate to meet specific security necessities by customers. The key part of Raytheon Corporation’s development can be credited to its solid devotion to the universal commercial center (Raytheon Corporation, 2014). With the present worldwide economy, the danger of venturing into different countries can be high; be that as it may, South Africa might be a key spot in Africa attributable to its transportation area and its balancing out economy. With the South African government being the principle focus of this extension, this move may likewise be the most great for Raytheon Corporation. The Sou th African government has the full ability to consume whatever might be required to help in keeping up the security of its advantages. South Africa has a colossal potential to work with since it has a generally steady political and monetary framework. Additionally, South Africa has an amazing situation in the African mainland; therefore, it makes transportation via ocean more cost productive and easier. South Africa’s ebb and flow conversion standard stands at one U.S. dollar against 10.5432 South African Rand (Oanda, 2014). The political hazard in South Africa would be minor since there have been close political ties between the U. S. what's more, South Africa since 1994. With these all around constructed political ties among the two nations and the various ambassadorial excursions that are taken by the two gatherings since 1994, the danger of prompt misfortunes attributable to governmental issues would be nearly nothing. Additionally, there is likewise a nearby U.S. gover nment office set up in South Africa, to address different political

University project help Free Essays

Trade rates, transportation and exchange costs all should be represented in the offer. These additional costs make cost control (in other controllable territories of the task) fundamental. Without tight cost control, the organization won't have the option to contend with offers of local firms. We will compose a custom article test on College venture help or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now 3. Why is cost estimation such a significant segment of venture arranging? Examine how it interfaces along with the Work Breakdown Structure and task plan? Cost estimation, whenever done accurately, empowers a firm to decide whether the undertaking will be gainful, if the organization can bear the cost of the venture and as a rule if the task merits ursuing. It additionally furnishes the organization with a cost extend for offering (for the situation ofa client arranged venture). As for Work Breakdown Structure and task plan, cost estimation is significant in light of the fact that it prompts planning of money related and different assets (both material and human). These designations must arrange with the Work Breakdown Structure and venture plans arranged by the board to make sense of if the necessary assets will be accessible varying. 4. Envision you were building up a product bundle for your company’s intranet. Give xamples of the different kinds of costs (work, materials, hardware and offices, subcontractors, and so on ) and how they would apply to your venture. Potential expenses of making programming bundle incorporate expenses of work, materials, subcontractors, gear and offices and travel. Programming engineers, designers, PC experts, mentors (for end clients) and specialized authors would bring about work costs. Material expenses may originate from printing and making establishment CDs/circles, extra centralized server equipment, memory or frill, and any printing and paper necessities for client manuals. Designers and contractual workers may require additional room or hardware. Subcontractors might be utilized to counsel on plan and usage. Subcontractors may require costs related with movement if the firm isn't neighborhood. 5 Give reasons botn in tavor ot and against the utilization ot individual time charge as a quote for a venture action. Utilizing an individual time charge can make an increasingly precise evaluation of time by remembering a sensible measure of personal time for assessments of work time. By utilizing the individual time charge, an organization can be better make up for its work assets, s unequaled (beneficial or not) spent on a specific Job is an utilization of human/scholarly assets. Be that as it may, from a customer’s point of view this charge may seem unjustifiable. The individual time charge permits time for ineffective breaks. Clients will no doubt be hesitant to pay for inefficient time †bringing about installment questions. 6. Think about a case of parametric evaluating as far as you can tell, for example, the utilization of a cost multiplier dependent on a comparable, past expense. Accomplished parametric assessing work or not. Examine the reasons why. This is an individual model inquiry and should just be applied to understudies with ome venture understanding. 7. Put yourself in the position ofa venture client. Okay acknowledge the cost modifications related with expectation to absorb information impacts or not? Under what conditions would expectation to absorb information costs be suitably planned into a task? As a client, I would not acknowledge expenses when the redundant work (that represents the expectation to absorb information) is a standard Job for the provider. The purpose behind this is I would be paying for learning impacts that others would receive the reward from. Additionally, learning impacts related with new representatives would be absurd to remember for venture illing. Then again, on the off chance that the monotonous work/expectation to learn and adapt impacts were venture or client explicit, at that point planning the expenses into the undertaking would be suitable. 8. Consider the basic issues with venture cost estimation and review a task with which you have been included. Which of these regular issues did you experience frequently? Why? The most effective method to refer to University venture help, Papers

A Sample Macbeth Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Sample Macbeth Analysis Essay Individuals make some hard memories getting what they need; indeed, the things they need can be contrary with one another. A German physicist named Werner Heisenberg found a practically equivalent to marvel with his vulnerability standard. Examining matter at the nuclear level, quantum material science, he understood that the demonstration of estimating influenced the item being estimated. Subsequently, one would never precisely decide both position and force of an electron with exactness. The endeavor to arrive at one of these objectives hurt the other, and a comparative wonder is found in our regular day to day existences. In William Shakespeares Macbeth 1606, the hero is tricked to kill the ruler, Duncan, by the craving for power, a hunger whetted by witchs predictions and his wifes consolation. Yet, when he arrives at the sovereignty, he gets himself shaky. He endeavors to expel dangers that decline his security, including his friend Banquo and his child Fleance, forecasted to be above all else. His masters become irate and revolt effectively, after witches draw Macbeth into an incorrect conviction that all is well with the world by further predicting. In Macbeth, we see that, regardless of appearances of Catch 22, keeps an eye on objectives of solace and force are perpetually restricted in increase, however the two may decay together. The force from information causes uneasiness. As frequently has been stated, numbness is ecstasy. After Macbeth is guaranteed the position of authority, Banquo inquires as to why Macbeth is not exactly delighted. Great sir, for what reason do you start, and appear to fear/Things that do sound so reasonable? Act I, Scene 3, p. 332 Macbeths new information makes him awkward, as he understands the suggestions. His first musings considering killing Duncan show up, and he is terrified. After he submits the homicide, Macbeth says, To know my deed, twere best not know myself. Act II, Scene 2, p. 347 Knowing that has submitted such a wretched demonstration makes him awkward. It will be hard to act honest and to manage his blame. At the point when he later chooses to kill Banquo and Fleance, he tells his better half, Be honest of the information, dearest toss,/Till thou praise the deed. Act III, Scene 2, p. 359 Hecate sets Macbeth up for his last fall, clarifying her system, As by the quality of their figment Will attract him on to his disarray. He will reject destiny, disdain demise, and bear His expectations bove insight, beauty, and dread. Furthermore, all of you know security Is humans chiefest adversary. Act III, Scene 5, p. 365 The security gave constantly set of forecasts is just transient. Feeling there is no risk to his capacity, Macbeth acts uncontrollably, bringing his ruin and loss of both solace and security. The issue with information was that it was power bringing about a decrease in comfort. Those most agreeable have the least force. The pleasure in security blocks quality. The Porter conveys an unexpected discourse on the shades of malice of drink, clarifying, Lechery, sir, it incites and unprovokes: it incites the craving, yet it removes the exhibition: in this way much beverage might be saidâ to be an equivocator with prurience: it makes him, and it damages him; it sets him on, and it takes him off; it convinces him and cripples him; makes him remain to and not remain; all in all, hedges him in a rest, and giving him the falsehood, leaves him. Act II, Scene 3, p. 348 While drink may cause comfort, this is negated by its different impacts. It removes the force, the exhibition. This reviews the gatekeepers, easily snoozing however not standing watchman, the last their judgment, as they are said to stand and murder the ruler and afterward quit remaining to. After the homicide, Duncans children Malcolm and Donalbain choose to do without the intensity of the majesty. Says Donalbain, Where we are/Theres knifes in mens grins; the close in blood,/The closer wicked. Act II, Scene 3, p. 351 He understands that his dad was killed due to the position he was in. It would be a lot more secure to not be lord, regardless of the misfortune in influence, on the grounds that the dangers are excessively incredible. Force fills in as both a gift and a revile. .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 , .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .postImageUrl , .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 , .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:hover , .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:visited , .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:active { border:0!important; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:active , .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u01eb b6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u01ebb6428e42254a4aae719435bf41d4:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Awakening By Kate Chopin EssayGaining influence causes uneasiness. When attempting to pick up power, planning to expand their pleasure, individuals end up wracked with blame and distrustfulness. Macbeth perceives how fortunate the dead and feeble Duncan truly is the point at which he remarks In anxious delight. Duncan is in his grave; After lifes erratic fever he rests soundly. Injustice has done his most exceedingly terrible; nor steel, nor poison, Vindictiveness household, remote duty, nothing, Can contact him further. Act III, Scene 2, p. 358 Duncan has no force however faces no dangers either. He is a lot more secure than Macbeth, who lives in dread of losing the position of royalty. As he watched, To be in this manner is nothing,/But to be securely in this manner. Act III, Scene 1, p. 355 His capacity as lord wasnt truly as extraordinary as he however it would be, and his capacity is truly in vain in light of the fact that he feels so compromised. A similar thought is found again when his better half opines Noughts had, alls spent, Where our craving is got without content. Tis more secure to be what we demolish Than by decimation stay in far fetched satisfaction. Act III, Scene 2, p. 358 All that they had done to pick up the force they wanted just prompted more prominent distress, as they found the dead were a lot more joyful than they. Macbeth echoes her musings, saying Should be with the dead, Whom we, to pick up our tranquility, have sent to harmony, Than on the torment of the brain to lie In fretful joy. Act III, Scene 2, p. 358 After the homicide, Lady Macbeth is disturbed by sentiments of blame, making her rest erratic and awkward. Out, accursed spot! Out, I state! One-two - why then tis time to speck. Hellfire is cloudy. Fie, my master, fie! A warrior, and afeard? What need we dread who knows it, when none can demand an explanation from our capacity? However who might have thought theâ old man to have had such a great amount of blood in him? Act V, Scene 1, p. 382 Lady Macbeth is experiencing her very own disease cause. The force carried with it much anguish and inconvenience. In spite of the fact that individuals look for both strength and wonderful security, the two closures are in strife. The intensity of information and the quest for power lead to a decrease in comfort, and those without power locate the most solace. Macbeth and his significant other see power as inconvenient, with those they slaughtered in any event, getting a charge out of an increasingly wonderful life. Like attempting to quantify two components with accuracy, attempting to arrive at the two objectives to a high degree is unthinkable. Simultaneously, the two can decay together. I myself have felt the issue of this Catch 22. Quite a bit of my capacity make me awkward. For instance, when I need to settle on significant choices or when I know more than I need to. An equalization should be found between smug security and perilous quest for power.

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Americas Sweetest Serial Killer - Sugar - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1545 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Serial Killer Essay Did you like this example? The US Government needs to declare war on todays new drug, sugar. The use of sugar as a food substance has been shown to exist even before crops were deliberately planted for harvesting. Ancient hunter-gatherers would take note of certain plants that, when chewed, provided a very sweet taste, and would mark these plants out then pass on the knowledge to their families and groups. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Americas Sweetest Serial Killer Sugar" essay for you Create order Ancient records exist where sugar was described as honey without bees, and its cultivation and processing kept a highly guarded secret in order to protect its value. (1) By the late 15th Century AD, the amounts of sugar that could be produced became much larger as a result of both the cultivation of cane plants in the New World, as this climate proved to be very beneficial to the rapid growth of the crop, and the increasing demand, and therefore the investments made into supplying sugar to new fans in European countries. It is important to note that at this stage, the consumption of sugar was still pretty low, both due to the fact that it wasnt well known and its high price † reports have suggested that a kilo of sugar in those days cost the equivalent of $100 in current times. (1) In recent times, the global demand for sugar as a food product has reached its highest levels ever recorded with close to 176 metric tons of sugar with per capita consumption in the United States alone exceeding 126 grams (5). As with all things when taken in excess, an increasing number of studies have begun to show that our consumption of sugar could now be linked to a number of medical conditions including cardiovascular diseases, endocrine dysfunctions, obesity, and even mood disorders. In addition to this, there has been shown to be an increasing number of deaths associated with sugar consumption, with close to 185,000 deaths every year attributed to the consumption of sugary foods and the resultant cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions (5) In order to further prove that the danger that too much sugar intake represents to the health and well being of the population, it has been reported that the number of obese children has reached all-time highs, with more than 4 1 million children under the age of five suffering from this condition in 2010, with 92 million more children said to be at risk of being obese at some point in their future. (5) In recognition of the serious medical issues that these children are going to have in the future and the various costs associated with the treatment of what, all things considered, should be a preventable illness, it is my humble opinion that the government begins to put measures in place to greatly restrict the intake of sugar by its citizens. The case for the governmental regulation of sugar intake has some precedent in the control of substances that have been proven to have harmful effects on human health and well being. In this essay, I will be proposing an argument discussing the various harmful effects that sugar intake has on people who, unknowingly and without proper warning as to its negative effects, make it a major part of the foods they consume. I will also shed some light on the possible effects of the regulations of sugar intake, citing examples of other regulated substances and the effect such regulations have had on the intake of such substances. The differences between the effects of governmental regulation of substances thought to be harmful to human life, as opposed just strongly warning about the harmful effects associated with its use, can most clearly be shown by the differences in consumption between tobacco, and more strictly controlled substances like ethyl acrylate. Until recently, the regulation of tobacco and tobacco products was not strictly enforced by the United States of Americas health and safety laws as enforced by the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, this resulted in an increasing number of complications associated with the use of tobacco despite countless adverts and health information articles warning people about the harmful effects that tobacco has on health and well being. In contrast to this, ethyl acrylate was first discovered and used, among other things, as a food additive, and when it was discovered that it caused colorectal and squamous cell carcinoma, it was immediately placed on the banned substances list by the FDA, effectively removing it as a threat to the health and well being of all Americans. The persistent increase in the use of tobacco, despite all warnings to the contrary, could, therefore, be taken as a pointer to how mass education of the harmful effects of excessive sugar intake would be received without proper laws and regulations to enforce reduced sugar intake. On another note, some studies have suggested a relationship between the intake of sugar and the stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain. This relationship paints a troubling relationship between sugar and its enthusiasts, leading some researchers to conclude that excessive intake of sugar may have more similarities to other addictions rather than being just a pleasurable but harmful habit (2) This, of course, arises without the consideration of the social and cultural roles that the use of sugar plays in our community; sugar and sugar products are traditionally given out as rewards for good behavior during festivities such as birthdays, Halloween and Christmas, establishing a link between our need for sugar in our meals and our thirst for personal validation and the use of sugar-containing products as a means to feel good about ourselves. With the above in mind, it is easy to see why dependence on sugar may require more stringent measures than simply educating and advising peopl e to cut down their sugar intake without providing incentives, both positive and negative, to make people take their health into their own hands and make positive lifestyle choices (3). In recognition of the menace that sugar presents to its population, the United Kingdom has gone as far as placing a tax on sugar in order to limit its consumption. If that does not bring to bear the gravity of this issue, then nothing will. As a counter to the points made above, people may want to insist on an individuals fundamental right to autonomy, to declare than restricting an individuals choice of food and stopping him from taking in certain foods may constitute a breach of his or her rights, and to these people I say this; we have been doing exactly that since the beginning of civilization. Humans have long since recognized the need for the banning of certain substances deemed too harmful for use of the general public and this tendency, rather than halting our progress as a civilization has led to its growth and development. To use a more modern day example, the use of alcohol in pregnant women has long been considered teratogenic with resulting harmful effects on the fetus ranging from cardiovascular disorders to an increase in the future susceptibility to diseases and even death. The use of cocaine as a recreational drug attracts heavy penalties ranging from one to two year jail times to decades in prison depe nding on the quantity of the material found in possession and intent to distribute. The difference in the incidence between fetal abnormalities resulting from maternal use of cocaine and maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy further serves to drive home the need for the requirement of governmental regulation of sugar. Far more deaths result from alcohol use than cocaine, showing that governmental regulation plays a vital role in the reduction of the harmful effects of substances on the health of individuals. Similarly, it may be implied that it is not the Governments responsibility to police what the populace consumes. Id like to politely disagree; it is the place of the Government to protect the populace from harm, whether or not they may be aware of it. Governments were made to protect society as a whole from harm, and regulation of a substance that has been shown to be poisonous is just a logical extension of that role. In addition to this, if, as previously stated above, the use of sugar tends towards dependence, shouldnt this buttress the fact that the general public cannot be trusted to act according to their best interests in this matter? The facts speak for themselves; excessive use of sugar has been verifiably proven to lead to long-term health disorders and death, the only reasons why it has not been placed on a list of banned substances are either its immense popularity, the amount of money the sugar industry makes, or the fear of backlash when the general public realizes that its favorite drug has just been made illegal to obtain and consume. In response to this, Id like to ask, do we really want to purposefully poison our families because we lack the discipline to speak hard truths and make tough decisions, do we really want to place the profits of some sections of the farming industry over the growth and well-being of future generations? The answer should be evident; in our ignorance, we had called sugar the honey without bees and fed it to our children and loved ones, but time and countless studies have served to show us that even this honey may come with stingers.

This Essay Will Examine The Differentiation That David

This essay will examine the differentiation that David Hume poses between natural and artificial virtues. I will first explain what Hume considers as a sense of virtue and whether this sense of virtue is natural. Then, I will discuss four distinctions he made between natural virtues and artificial virtues. I will discuss Mackie’s objection against one of Hume’s distinctions and argue why Mackie’s objection is ineffective. Finally, I will present a possible objection that concerns Hume’s third distinction, consider how Hume might response to the objection, and defend his response. According to Hume, to feel a sense of virtue is to â€Å"feel a satisfaction of a particular kind from the contemplation of a character† (3.1.2.3). This feeling,†¦show more content†¦The first distinction he makes is that natural virtues arise out of implanted instincts while artificial virtues are â€Å"not derived from nature, but [arise] necessarily from education and human conventions† (3.2.1.17). In other words, natural virtues are dispositions that people inherently have and naturally endorse, but artificial virtues are dispositions that people acquire by acting in accordance with human conventions that are products of human invention. For instance, to feed one’s own children is a natural virtue based on natural instincts – a mother doesn’t breastfeed her child out of conformity to societal rules, but out of instinctive, maternal love for her child. However, integrity, an artificial virtue, doesn’t arise from instinctual senti ment. To promise to return one’s debt to the bank isn’t an instinctive reflex, but originates from one’s respect for societal conventions and the society’s approbation of a trustworthy person. The second distinction is that natural virtues are partial while artificial virtues are impartial. A man naturally loves his closest families and friends more than strangers (3.2.2.8). If A has 3 apples, and there are 6 people starving (3 family members of A and 3 strangers), A would naturally give these 3 apples to his family members rather than strangers. However, artificial virtues like justice areShow MoreRelatedRelevance of Adornos Philosophy within Todays Culture of Popular Music841 Words   |  3 Pagesfurthering in essays about Tin Pan Alley and jazz-orientated variations of it. 2 Theodor Adorno Meets The Cadillacs is an article by Bernard Gendron that discusses the implications of Adorno’s lie in technological advances tends to promote individuality of music styles. Max Paddison suggests in The Critique Criticised: Adorno and Popular Music that there is substance of value within Adorno’s theory that can be appropriated into a more advanced concept of analysin g popular music. This essay will imploreRead MoreCountry Road Essay example1130 Words   |  5 Pagesobstacles which hindered their success in the US. 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The motive of this essay is to determine the historic and political sources for the Rwandan Genocide through an â€Å"ethnic lens† in order to ascertain whether â€Å"ethnic division† was in fact the source for the cruelties, or was just an aspect of the conflict. First, the ideasRead MoreResearch Essay: Power and Negotiation2255 Words   |  10 Pagesexperienced mediator deal with this problem? Provide practical examples where appropriate. The issue of power is inherent in negotiations. In most negotiated conflict situations, one party has more power than another. They may use their greater share of power to shape and manipulate a negotiation to achieve their desired objectives. Furthermore, when the power differential is substantial, this usually has a significant effect on both the substance and process of the dispute. This imbalance in power can

Torture is one of the most barbaric acts of state Essay Example For Students

Torture is one of the most barbaric acts of state Essay repression, and it constitutes a direct and deliberate attack on the core of the human personality. Like slavery, it is an expression of the almost unlimited power of one individual over another. In the case of slavery, the human being is degraded to the condition of a non-human object deprived of legal personality. Torture aims to destroy human dignity and reduce the victim to the status of a passive tool in the hands of the torturer. In ancient and medieval times in Europe, torture was employed to aggravate criminal punishments, usually the death penalty, and to extort confessions. Its use was an officially accepted and legally regulated aspect of the criminal justice system. Torture was officially abolished in all European countries between 1750 and the 1830. Like the abolition of slavery, its suppression was the fruit of the humanism and rationalism of the Enlightenment. Although torture continued to be applied behind prison walls, there were comparably few allegation so its systematic use in the lane nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Where as slavery and the slave trade were explicitly prohibited by a number of bilateral and multilateral treaties culminating in the 1926 Slavery convention. Torture was so much regarded as a phenomenon of the past that neither international human rights law nor even most domestic bills of rights of this period contained explicit prohibitions. Torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited in various international treaties and agreements. These generally considered to have the force of law. Among them the Geneva Conventions of 1949, The International Covenant on Civil and Pol itical Rights of 1966 (CCPR), the 1984 UN Convention against Torture (CAT), The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, The American Convention on Human Rights of 1969, and The African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights of 1981. In addition article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 is generally regarded as part of customary international law. The Vienna Declaration and Program again confirmed in the strongest terms that freedom from torture is a right that must be protected under all circumstances. Despite this impressive evidence regarding the universality of the right of freedom questions are asked if whether this universal standard can be applied equally to all political systems, religious and cultural groups. The government of certain states claim that amputations and similar forms of corporal punishment provided for by Islamic law do not contravene the right of torture. While feminist groups around the world denounce female genital mutilation, many Africans view the practice as an expression of their traditional culture. In defining torture and other forms of inhuman treatment or punishment, one therefore has to strike universal minimum standards and the requirement to take political, social, religious and cultural particularities into account. This can only be done on a case-by-case basis by the competent international bodies. Torture and ill-treatment are prohibited by the South Korean Constitution and other domestic laws and since the late 1980s, the South Korean authorities have taken some steps to prevent its occurrence. Generally political prisoners now have access to their lawyers earlier; a small number of police officers have been prosecuted and tried for torturing detainees; and there have been cases in which the courts have ruled that confessions obtained under duress during interrogation were inadmissible as evidence at trial. But in practice the legislative, administrative, judicial and other measures in place have not been effective in preventing it. Changes are urgently needed in practices related to pre-trial detention, training of law enforcement officers and in the traditionally heavy reliance by police and judicial officials on confessions obtained during interrogation. There needs to be a more effective system for investigating complaints and reports of torture and ill-treatment !and for compensating victims. The South Korean Government should make a declaration under Article 22 of the Convention against Torture, recognizing the competence of the Committee against Torture to receive individual complaints. .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd , .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .postImageUrl , .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd , .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:hover , .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:visited , .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:active { border:0!important; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:active , .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c2a9c66faf5be59a6ae1240aa378efd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plato's Two-World Theory EssayActions aimed at militating against torture needs to be conducted on two levels: (a) eradicating torture in the long term and (b) preventing of torture in the short term. A distinction is made between eradication and prevention as they imply different levels of analysis for the complex social and political phenomenon of torture. Historical accounts of torture suggest that eradication of torture is inevitably a long-term, evolutionary process. Eradication of torture will require a careful analysis of the underlying sociopolitical, cultural, economic, and psychological factors. Reports of torture are more common from regions affected by politica l unrest, including mass demonstrations, riots, outbreaks of violence, killings, coup attempts, civil war, armed tribal conflict, rebellions, and conflicts with various opposition groups demanding social and political reform. While preventive measures can help reduce or even contain the problem, complete eradication can only be possib!le by eliminating the underlying causes of torture. This will require global economic, social, and political recognition of basic human freedom and rights. What immediate measures can be taken to help prevent torture? Media works to increase public awareness of the problem is a strategy widely used, and is probably an effective instrument in combating torture. Perhaps efforts need to be stepped up to achieve greater exposure in the mass media of human rights violation. Images highlighting the horror of torture and similar atrocities should be shown more often, more quickly, and in less arbitrary manners. The Republic of Korea would like to point out th e important role of individuals, groups, institutions, and nations as bystanders in the perpetuation of torture. Our knowledge of bystander psychology could be used to increase public concern and challenging the following common beliefs and assumptions: (1) They (the survivors) and not one of us so they do not deserve my attention; (2) they must have done something to deserve it. World government as bystanders play an important role n the perpetuation of torture in repres!sive regimes. Clearly there is a need for greater pressure on the UN for more effective actions against countries with poor human rights records. Care of survivors is an integral part of human rights work. In the last two decades, many care and rehabilitation center have been built in various parts of the world. Care of survivors, however, is still a developing program and many important questions await further investigations. Care of torture survivors should involve measures to prevent the occurrence of post-traum atic stress responses. Prevention of post-traumatic stress problems is much easier, less time consuming, and less costly that their treatment. Early intervention is important since it is easier to deal with the maladaptive coping behaviors before they become entrenched. Mental health professionals or volunteer workers can be easily trained to use this technique effectively. Groups facilitate sharing traumatic experience with others and help find a meaning for the trauma. Social support is important in the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress responses. Traditional societies are characteri!zed by an extended family structure and communal environment. This potential could be explored and fully exploited in the service of survivors by forming social support groups and mobilizing other forms of community support. Funding of projects is a problem widely experienced by human rights workers and thus deserves special attention. Financial support received by human rights organization from governmental and non-governmental agencies is limited. The UN Voluntary Fund for Torture Victims is a case in point. Since its foundation in 1981, the fund has received contributions from 40 countries and is able to spend a mere $1.6 million on 70 projects currently in progress or planned. Calls have been made to increase international contribution to at least $100 million by 1999.